segunda-feira, 1 de fevereiro de 2010

ALFABETIZAÇÃO




Alfabetização é o termo que usamos quando nos referimos à aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. Um indivíduo que sabe ler e escrever é considerado uma pessoa alfabetizada.

MÉTODOS DE ENSINO

São vários os métodos para se alfabetizar. Falaremos sobre os mais utilizados:
1- Métodos de alfabetização predominantemente sintéticos
2- Métodos de alfabetização predominantemente analíticos

MÉTODOS DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO PREDOMINANTEMENTE SINTÉTICOS

São métodos que levam o aluno a combinar elementos isolados da língua: sons, letras e sílabas.
Os métodos predominantemente sintéticos podem ser:
  • alfabéticos ou soletrativos
  • silábicos
  • fonético
Alfabéticos ou soletrativos


O aluno aprende:
  • o nome das letras nas formas maiúscula, minúscula, manuscrita, etc.
  • a seqüência do alfabeto.
  • a combinar as letras entre si, formando sílabas e palavras.

Silábicos

O aluno aprende inicialmente a sílaba, a combinação entre elas e chega à palavra.

Fonéticos

O aluno aprende inicialmente os sons das letras isoladas e depois reúne em sílabas que formarão as palavras.


MÉTODOS PREDOMINANTEMENTE ANALÍTICOS


São métodos que levam o aluno a analisar um todo (palavra) para chegar às partes que o compõem.
Os métodos predominantemente analíticos podem ser:
  • palavração
  • sentenciação
  • contos ou historietas
  • natural

Palavração

O aluno aprende algumas palavras associadas às suas imagens visuais. É usada a memória visual. Depois que o aluno já reconhece algumas palavras, estas são divididas em sílabas para formar outras palavras.


Sentenciação

O aluno parte de uma frase que a turma está discutindo, visualiza e memoriza as palavras e depois analisa as sílabas para formar novas palavras.

Contos ou historietas

É uma ampliação do método de sentenciação. O aluno parte de pequenas histórias para chegar nas palavras, sílabas e com estas sílabas formar novas palavras.


Natural

O método natural parte de um pré-livro que contém registros de conversas da classe sobre determinado assunto. É apresentado aos alunos aos poucos para a sua visualização. Depois dessa fase, passa-se para a leitura sonorizada de cada sílaba da palavra. A partir destas sílabas, o aluno forma novas palavras e novas frases.

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